MEPs on the environment panel voted overwhelmingly for a resolution outlining the need for tougher regulation on shale gas and shale oil extraction activities.
Meanwhile, the resolution by the assembly's energy committee said each EU country should have the right to decide for itself on whether to exploit shale gas.
Both resolutions still need backing from the Parliament's plenary in October and would not result in binding legislation if passed.
But they do give an indication of the Parliament's inclination to regulate the industry after France announced over the weekend that it would not allow the controversial 'fracking' extraction method on its territory.
Ban on shale mining
The environment committee resolution supports a ban on shale mining in sensitive geological areas and would redirect funding from ‘fracking’ (see background) research towards investment in safety. It also called for environmental impact assessments and industry transparency, asking for full disclosure of contracts.
The resolution emphasised the ‘polluter pays’ principle and the responsibility of companies to take pre-emptive measures against the risks of shale mining as well as taking responsibility for accidents.
The paper also called for a review aimed at tackling holes in EU regulations, following doubts from the European Commission over the compatibility of fracking with EU water quality laws. The resolution bans the re-use of flow-back waste water – the name given to liquid that resurfaces after the fracking process – to comply with the EU’s Water Framework Directive.
Doubts have been expressed as to whether some of the substances used in the fracking process are compatible with EU chemicals rules.
Dutch MEP Bas Eichkout (Greens) welcomed these amendments but said he would have liked the report to have gone further and establish an EU-wide moratorium on shale mining. Eichkout told EurActiv it was now “up to the Commission” to come forward with legislation.
Greens environment spokesperson Carl Schylter, a Swedish MEP, said the vote “cast serious doubt on the future of shale gas in the EU.”
A statement by Polish MEP Bogusław Sonik (EPP), responsible for drafting the environment committee resolution, said its “main message” was reconciling a “precautionary environmental approach” with an opportunity to prove the “commercial profitability” of shale gas and oil.
Energy and industry committee backs freedom to choose
Meanwhile, MEPs approved a separate resolution presented to the industry and energy committee on Tuesday (18 September), outlining the right of each EU country to decide for itself whether to exploit shale gas.
The resolution was adopted by a slim majority (32 in favour, 23 against and 1 abstention), outlining the committee's division on the issue.
Companies see shale gas as a strong investment opportunity and a solution to Europe’s energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.
Konrad Szymański, a Polish MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists) who drafted the resolution, said shale gas had "an enormous potential to provide economic benefits and reduce our dependence on Russian energy supplies."
The committee called on the EU to impose “robust regulatory regimes”, but only at the national level and for the "regulations to be proportionate to the risk."
Szymański said he did not wish the EU to impose "unworkable" proposals such as those drafted by the environment committee, and "kill off what could become a major industry for Poland."
The report was condemned by the greens political group for favouring industrial interests over environmental concerns. Eickhout told EurActiv that the resolution, which was passed with only a slim majority was “clearly influenced by a more industrial” side.
The Socialists and Democrats group criticised in a statement the conservatives in Parliament for bending to oil and gas industry pressure, calling on strict regulation and a full impact assessment of shale mining.
NGOs wade in
Friends of the Earth, an environment pressure group, threw its weight into the debate today, publishing a report making the case against shale gas.
The report described some of the chemicals used in the fracking process as “highly toxic”, including benzene and formaldehyde, which have been linked to certain cancers. Friends of the Earth said companies had refused to disclose some of the components of their fracking liquid.
Despite the few amendments made to the report voted through in Parliament, Antoine Simon, a campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe (FOEE), expressed satisfaction at some of its ‘greener’ changes.
As well as the 'polluter pays' principle, Simon praised new wording which said that shale gas could only help reduce greenhouse gas emissions ‘depending on their lifecycle’.
The FOEE report said that on the contrary, shale gas could increase Europe's greenhouse gas emissions, a statement backed up by research by Cornell University, in the US, which claimed that emissions from shale gas can be 20-100% higher than coal over a 20-year period.
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