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Einführung und Hintergrundinformationen zur EU-Verkehrspolitik.
The transport industry accounts for over 6 per cent of EU GDP, more than 6 per cent of total employment, 40 per cent of Member States investments and 30 per cent of energy consumption in the EU.
Legal Basis :
The founding principles of the EU's Common Transport Policy (CTP) were laid down in the 1957 Treaty of Rome which established the European Economic Community (EEC). The CTP is governed by
Title IV (articles 74 to 84)
of the Treaty.
The transport policy issues are subject to the codecision procedure , except for provisions that would be likely to have a serious effect on the standard of living and employment in certain areas and on the operation of transport facilities; such provisions are governed by the consultation procedure and unanimity voting in the Council.
Short history and Milestones
Although the Treaty of Rome had envisaged a Common Transport Policy, very little was achieved until 1985 because the Member States were hesitant to relinquish their control over transport policy. The lack of progress was so obvious that in 1983, the European Parliament decided to take the Council of Ministers to the European Court of Justice for "failing to introduce a common policy for transport and in particular to lay down the framework of such a policy in a binding manner", as required by the Treaty.
In May 1985, the Court delivered its ruling confirming that the Council had "failed to ensure freedom to provide services in the sphere of international transport and to lay down the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate transport services in a Member State". Shortly afterwards, in June 1985, the Commission published its White Paper on the completion of the internal market , which made transport policy a significant component within the overall strategy. In the second half of the 80s and the beginning of the 90s, considerable progress was made in the liberalisation and harmonisation of transport policies. From the end of the 80s, new issues emerged: the infrastructural developments (with the Trans-European Networks or TENs) and the impact of transport on the environment.
In December 1992 , the Commission published a Communication on the Future Development of the Common Transport Policy (COM(92)0494) . This Communication shifted the EU's transport policy away from a sectoral approach (per transport mode) to an integrated policy based on sustainable mobility. New issues came to the foreground: transport safety, environmental and social protection, external relations, and pricing policies.
As a follow-up to the fist Communication, the Commission adopted in July 1995 a second Communication, " " (COM(95)0302). Improving the quality of transport by using new technologies, improving the operation of the single market and developing the external dimension of transport policy were the three themes of this Communication.
In December 1995 , the fiscal side of transport policy got its first real debate thanks to the Green Paper "
<strong>Towards fair and efficient pricing in transport
" (COM(95)691). In a new
White Paper "
<strong>Fair payment for infrastructure use: a phased approach to a common transport infrastructure charging framework in the EU
" (COM(98)466) [
FR
] [
DE
], the Commission tackled the issue of a
harmonised Community approach to transport
charging.
The Commission presented a further Communication in December 1998 . This new document entitled "
<strong>Sustainable mobility: Perspectives for the future
" (COM(1998) 716) updated the action programme of
1995 and set out longer-term perspectives for the
period 2000-2004.
In September 2001 , the Commission adopted its new
<strong>White Paper on the Future Common Transport Policy
. The 130-page document proposed 60 measures to
overhaul the current transport policy in order to
make it more sustainable and avoid huge economic
losses due to congestion, pollution and accidents
(see EurActiv
).
General links
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[FR]
[DE]
[FR]
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(October 1999)
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(Vienna May 1999)
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