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Berlusconi interrupts decade-long Belarus isolation

Published 25 November 2009
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Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is set to break the diplomatic isolation of Belarus by becoming the first West European leader in a decade to visit the country, known as 'the last dictatorship in Europe'. The visit is due on 30 November

Contacts between Minsk and Western countries became limited from the second half of the 1990s onwards, due to frequent criticism of human rights and democratic standards in Belarus from European and US governments and human rights groups. 

But Minsk has improved relations with the West, releasing imprisoned opposition politicians and joining the EU's eastern neighbourhood programme with other ex-Soviet states. At the same time, its relations with close ally Moscow have deteriorated. 

Earlier this year, Belarussian President Alexander Lukashenko broke through the period of isolation by making an official visit to Italy and has since said he wants to further improve ties with the West. 

Now, Berlusconi will make a reciprocal visit on 30 November, Belarussian state news agency BelTA quoted Italy's ambassador to Minsk, Giulio Prigioni, as saying. 

"This visit is a response to the visit of Alexander Lukashenko in Italy and the Vatican this spring," said Prigioni. 

"Belarus and Italy are at a very important stage of intensification of relations [...] this is proved by the forthcoming visit of Silvio Berlusconi to Minsk on 30 November," he said. 

In early November, the EU prolonged a freeze on restrictions against Belarus as an incentive for further reforms. The controls, including a visa ban against Lukashenko, were imposed after criticism of 2006 elections. 

Following Lukashenko's visit to Rome earlier this year, Italy has advocated the complete abolition of sanctions against Belarus. 

Berlusconi will travel to Minsk days after a visit by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, where he is expected to sign a customs union deal with Belarus and Kazakhstan. The three countries are trying to coordinate entry to the World Trade Organisation. 

(EurActiv with Reuters.

Background: 

Relations between the EU and Belarus are slowly improving after the low-point reached in the aftermath of the 19 March 2006 presidential election. An OSCE report stated that the elections had failed to meet democratic standards, and they were criticised by the international community. The poll was followed by large-scale protests in Minsk and 460 demonstrators were later detained by the Belarusian police. 

Parliamentary elections which took place on 28 September 2008 also fell short of democratic standards: the opposition failed to win any seats. 

On 24 March 2006, the EU decided to impose travel bans on a number of Belarusian officials, including President Alexander Lukashenko. The sanctions have not yet been lifted, but their application has been suspended. 

Such 'carrot and stick' tactics are also illustrated by a document released on 21 November 2006, in which EU External Relations Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner outlined trade-offs in respect to visa facilitation, commercial opportunities and economic relations that the Belarus government would gain by improving its record on human rights and democracy. 

On 19 February 2009, Javier Solana met with President Lukashenko and Foreign Minister Syarhey Martynau. The meeting was a prelude to the EU's invitation to Belarus to join the Eastern Partnership programme on 9 May 2009 in Prague. 

Lukashenko paid a visit to Berlusconi and the Pope in April 2009. 

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