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OECD lashes out at university 'conservatism'

Published 31 March 2009
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Traditional university faculties are too conservative and are standing in the way of progress, as Europe's education system struggles to become more innovative, according to the head of the OECD's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation.

Dirk Van Damme said the current system of dividing knowledge into faculties should be broken up if Europe is to move to a new education system capable of equipping students with critical skills. 

"We should abolish faculties in universities. Faculties are the most conservative bulwarks against change. Europe must move to a radically different trans-disciplinary approach Most of the interesting things happen on the boundaries of the discipline," he said. 

Speaking at a European Policy Centre debate entitled 'Beyond chalk and talk: Creativity in the classroom', which is part of the European Year of Creativity and Innovation, Van Damme said Europe's economic and social progress is due to the quality of its educational system. 

"Compared to Japan and even China, European schools are much more innovative. Japan teaches hierarchy and respect, whereas European schools teach us to challenge convention." 

"We have increased educational achievement in Europe and schools are still digesting the revolution in education. If we are to move to the next stage of development, this has to be reinvented," he said. 

However, he expressed concern that education ministries in the EU are attempting to "squeeze" ever-increasing amounts of information into curricula when a more balanced approach would be more beneficial. 

He also stressed the importance of quality in education and teacher education, warning that the push towards greater innovation in education would result in mediocrity if greater emphasis is not placed on excellence. 

Positions: 

Lluis Martínez-Ribes, associate professor of the Department of Marketing Management at the ESADE Business School  in Barcelona, said it was time to break down old definitions of how knowledge is classified. "The borders between subjects have become blurred. In the past it was clear what engineering, law and science were. Now, marketing students study philosophy, sociology, neuroscience and culture so as to understand the context of their studies," he said. 

The keynote address at the EPC debate was delivered by Odile Quintin, director-general for education and culture at the European Commission. She said the Commission is considering measuring how schools across Europe promote innovation. "We are exploring with member states the idea of a benchmark that would address how education systems promote innovation and creativity." 

Quintin revealed Europe is proposing an alternative to the Shanghai rankings of world universities. Europe has just two universities in the top ten, but Quintin said the Shanghai system focuses only on excellence in research. "We are trying to provide another criteria looking at teaching and the role of universities in local and regional development. Intercultural and social skills are very important in the modern world and would seem to me to be part of excellence."

She also expressed hope that the EYCI Ambassadors will produce a manifesto with substantial ideas that would lead to a common strategy for future innovation policy. 

Eduardo Marçal Grilo, a member of the board of trustees of the Gulbenkian Foundation, stressed the importance of basic education and reading rather than concentrating on high-end competences. 

"We talk about innovation and creativity and all the new skills our citizens should have, but my main concern is basic education of students in schools. I don't agree that skills are more important than knowledge. No one can have good skills without maths and command of their mother tongue." 

"We are talking too much about new technology and ICT. Those who read books are more receptive to learning," he said. 

Grilo, a former Portuguese education minister, said autonomy, a willingness to question the conventional wisdom and take risks are what students need to develop. 

"We don't need a specific subject on the curriculum to deal with innovation. What we need to focus on are the basics. Let's give priority to the basics." 

Background: 

2009 is European Year of Innovation and Creativity (EYCI), a year-long programme of events administered by the European Commission. 

As part of the EYCI, the European Policy Centre is hosting a series of debates on innovation, the knowledge economy, and education. 

Several other events have been organised across the member states, including a high-profile 'University Business Forum', which encourages cooperation between the education and enterprise sectors (EurActiv 6/2/09). 

The issues of skills shortage was high on the agenda at the European Business Summit in Brussels last week, where business leaders highlighted the growing skills gap, which has left employers struggling to fill millions of jobs because applicants do not have the right competences (EurActiv 27/03/09). 

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